-oic acid

The suffix -oic acid is the IUPAC nomenclature used in organic chemistry to form names of carboxylic acids containing the acidic -(C)OOH group.[1] It was extracted from the name of benzoic acid, which was named after benzoin resin, whose name probably came via Italian from Arabic lubān jāwī لُبَان جَاوِىّ = "frankincense from Java", because benzoin resin was brought from Indonesia.

References

  1. ^ *International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Commission on Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry (1993). Panico R, Powell WH, Richer JC. ed. A guide to IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds: recommendations 1993. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. ISBN 0-632-03702-4. 
Carbon-based
-ane (alkane) · -ene (alkene) · -ine (unsaturated hydrocarbon) · -yne (alkyne) · alk- (saturated hydrocarbon) · ar- (aromatic)
Oxygen-based
-al (aldehyde) · -oate (ester) · -oic acid (carboxylic acid) · -ol (alcohol) · -one (ketone) · -ose (sugar)
Nitrogen-based
-ine (alkaloid) · aza- (N replaces C)
Sulfur-based
thio- (S replaces O)
Counting axial atoms
meth- (1)  · eth- (2)  · prop- (3)  · but- (4)  · (and the rest are ordinary Greek/Latin numbers)
Other
-ase (enzyme)  · -yl (radical) · nor- (no residues)